Black holes were first conceptualized in the 1700s as objects so huge that nothing could evade their gravitational pull. Yet Einstein’s ground-breaking theory of gravity, which was finished in 1917, is where the contemporary tale of black holes really begins. Throughout the past century, scientists have created a model of what black holes must look like using Einstein’s theory of gravity.

In theory, any object—even a rock—can be converted into a black hole by being compressed into a small enough space. In these circumstances, the object keeps falling to zero size as a result of its own weight. According to Einstein’s theory, the object’s mass and gravity do not disappear, but rather manifest themselves as a severe deformation of the space and time it is in. The black hole is this bending of space and time.

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