Is it possible that our universe exists as a ‘bubble’ within a quantum chaos originating from a black hole in a separate universe?

A cosmologist explains the mind-bending hypothesis that our universe could have branched off from a black hole singularity in another universe.

While it may not be possible to live within a black hole, the idea that our universe came from one cannot be wholly ruled out. Black holes are characterized by extreme gravity, limitless and unyielding, an awe inspiring force that is terrifying. As for black hole formation, it is not a very complicated process – you just need to fold matter into a certain size. When this limit is achieved, gravity outcompete all the other forces leading to the creation of a black hole. The magnitude of this threshold depends on the amount of matter in it that is being compressed. For an average human, this threshold is approximately of the order of atomic nuclear size for an atom. Remarkably, all the matter on our planet could be compressed into an area as small as a chickpea; it would create a black hole. For a normal star with mass several times that of sun, the black hole formed would be a few miles accross – how big is your average city?It is rather strange to think about it, but if all the matter in the universe squeezed into one black hole, it would take roughly cosmological scale to contain it.

Our Universe Has Something in Common With Black Holes

Another interesting observation is that black holes and the cosmos have two other features in common. One of the more famous boundaries is the event horizon, which is, in fact, the surface of the black hole. It is the area around the black hole where no one can escape the pull of gravity and is the final boundary. The gravitational force within the area of event horizon is so strong that the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light, so one gets trapped.

Likewise, our universe also has an event horizon. But the cosmic event horizon is much further and is a consequence of the expansion of the universe. The universe is actually getting bigger, so the galaxies farther away from us recede at a faster rate than the nearer ones. Galaxies that are twice as distant look to be moving away twice as fast; galaxies that are ten times farther away appear to be moving away ten times more rapidly; and so on. When observed at a distance of some 14 billion light years, galaxies appear to be receding at a rate greater than the speed of light.

This is not against the speed of light limit because it is space that is stretching, not the galaxies themselves. However, it still forms an event horizon. It should be noted that even if one had the time to make the journey, it would be impossible to get to a galaxy observed to be over 14 billion light-years away. Once the gulf widens we will never be able to bridge it. These galaxies will always be unreachable, just as the outer space will be unattainable to a person who has ventured into a black hole.

The second similarity is that both black holes and the universe possess a singularity. In other words, singularity is one point in the space where all matter has been compressed by gravity to an infinitely small point. However, we must note that we have no clear idea what singularity is or even what it means to have a quantum description of gravity, which is a scale we have yet to explore.

Black holes have a singularity in the core, which is where all of the matter that created them goes. If you fall into a black hole below its event horizon, you will also end up there. Because of the peculiar nature of gravity and geometry within a black hole, once you pass the event horizon, you are certain to reach the singularity in a finite amount of time, regardless of how hard you try.

Our cosmos too has a singularity. We call it the Big Bang. Around 13 billion years ago, all of the stuff in our universe was compressed into an unimaginably small point. It spread from there, and the rest is history, with the formation of particles, atoms, stars, and and galaxies and planets and people

But That Probably Doesn’t Mean Much

Hence even if it does possess an event horizon and singularity it does not strictly speaking belong to the class of black holes owing to these differences. Black holes have singularities located at a point in space, so it may be possible to locate their position if one is near. However, to get to this singular point would mean that everyone would get a rather messy death. On the other hand, the singularity that is part of the Big Bang story is not a singular point in space, but in time. Known as the cosmic singularity, it doesn’t have a physical location in the cosmic and thus is inaccessible and unrealizable. This is one of the primary differences in the field of gravitation mathematics including the Big Bang singularity compared with other black hole singularities. Therefore, it can be ascertained that the concept of residing in a black hole of a scale equivalent to that of the universe is impossible since the black hole singularity and the Big Bang singularity are distinct.

Our Universe Could Still Have a Surprising Link to Black Holes

However, given the singularity at the time of the BB, there could be another scenario possible. This results in part from our failure to comprehend what happens at the centre of a black hole which is a consequence of the limitations of current gravitation theories. Consequently, some fairly strange concepts have been put forward in an attempt to understand the inner mechanics of a black hole.

In other words, it might be that black hole singularities cannot be just compressed matter sources but are more complex. Physics can seem quite strange at the most microscopic levels of the universe. These immense gravitational forces, combined with quantum physics, can cause fluctuations in the stability of the system.

Such significant fluctuations can potentially increase, resulting in the creation of fully distinct isolated “bubbles,” which are located in the universe containing a black hole. These bubbles, would experience their own big bangs, expansions and so on, in isolation from one another as separate universes.

The idea that our universe evolved from a quantum fluctuation within a black hole of another universe is indeed rather fantastic. Though it is somewhat speculative in character, it envisages an interesting thought based on rather instable and controversial physical fundamentals. However, the concept of singularities is far from clear, and is still open for them to be seen as exciting possibilities at the current epoch.

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