These pits in the Moon meet several requirements to house human settlements, but…
How are these lunar pits formed? How deep are they? What would the lunar bases that could be built on them be like?

Forming the pits on the Moon is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. The pits are believed to be formed by a combination of volcanic and tectonic processes.
The most accepted theory is that these resulted from volcanic activity on the moon millions of years ago. During this period, the Moon was a geologically active body, and there was a great deal of volcanic activity on the lunar surface. Some of these volcanoes were large enough to form impact craters.
Over time, volcanic activity subsided, and the cavities created by the volcanoes cooled and contracted, resulting in pits in the Moon. This theory gains strength if we compare the wells on the Moon with those produced on Earth due to volcanic eruptions.
According to Arizona State University scientist Robert Wagner, the pits could form when the ceiling of a cave collapses, perhaps from vibrations generated by a nearby meteorite impact.

Features of pits in the Moon
Pits in the Moon have several unique features that make them attractive to scientists and space exploration experts.

Return to the moon, this time to stay
Since humans first set foot on the moon more than 45 years ago, the scientific community began to explore the possibility of creating a lunar base where humans could go to the moon and stay there indefinitely.

Technical challenges of building underground bases on the Moon
The main technical challenge of the construction of underground bases in the craters of the Moon is the regolith cover that covers the entire lunar surface, most likely it is that in the craters, the regolith is concentrated in more significant quantities, acquiring several meters thick, which means that any excavation must begin with the removal of this layer.

Using the pits as lunar bases
The use of pits as lunar bases has both advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages is the natural protection they offer against radiation and extreme temperatures.

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