Do you know about Artemis One which is the mission that seeks to launch the next generation of astronauts to the Moon?Well, I am sure that like many others, you have been wondering why it was necessary to start from scratch, while ignoring what happened during the Apollo era.

The quick answer is that we need to bridge two different technologies—the analog of Apollo and the digital age we’re living in now. The thing is, almost all the information we had half a century ago has been lost. The people who knew the computer codes, the passwords, those who made the designs, the mathematical calculations—most of them passed away a long time ago. Unfortunately, no knowledge can last forever.

Regardless of the passing of time, each space mission is unique, carried out by technicians and scientists who tackle problems with solutions that are now indecipherable. Sad but true. For instance, today we couldn’t just clone the missions accomplished by the two Voyager probes. We would have to redesign them from scratch, obviously improving them. This has been a significant obstacle to the desire to once again explore the outer solar system—a desire that over the last few years has been growing stronger. Because in the meantime, we started discovering exoplanets, many of which have turned out to be quite similar to the gas giants in our solar system. Studying them up close might be necessary to understand how these planets form and evolve, which are probably the most numerous in our galaxy. In particular, Neptune could provide us with some really interesting information, especially because it could give us a chance to visit one of the largest moons in the solar system, namely Triton—a peculiar moon that conjures visions of icy and dark landscapes on the edges of the solar system, an alien world as alien as it gets.

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