The most numerous cosmic rays are hydrogen nuclei, those particles were shot into space by very energetic celestial events like the supernova deaths of extremely massive stars. These super-energetic particles are usually prevented from further approaching us by the magnetosphere that parked above our planet also helps to shelter us from the dangerously intense radiation from the sun.

The magnetosphere is not merely a static, inert thing, but it shows a high degree of variability with that phenomenon. For one, the magnetic north “wobbles” slightly away away from the “true north” we commonly refer to. In addition, the other discreet activity the magnetosphere occasionally indulges in is the process of “flip.” This process involves reversing the orientation of the north and south by equating the north pole to south, and the south pole to the north. This process also results in the waning of the field’

Furthermore, during these two periods referred to as auroral substorms, the magnetic poles of the interplanetary magnetic field also “disappear”, only to be replaced by many interplanetary magnetic poles. In other words, within the time-frames of these falling intensities, called “magnetic field excursions”, the strength of global magnetic pole forces is demonstrated to be smaller, meaning that the Earth is less well shielded by cosmic rays at these instances.

One might ask, Are these intervals of low magnetosphere intensity as well it is concomitant with the big crises on the global biosphere, meaning the total zone that life exists on planet Earth beginning from mountaintops and down to the deepest oceans trenches?

“The comprehension of these extreme events is relevant not only to the unprecedented cases but also to long-term climate projections of the space surface and evaluation of the environmental effect on the Earth system,” as Sanja Panovska of the GFZ Potsdam in Germany mentioned.